What Is Technology Education Essays - , Term Papers

What is Technology Education? What is Technology Education? "What is Technology Education?" I asked myself nearly a year ago. I was at the time involved in Industrial Technology with a concentration in Drafting Design. Unchallenged and bored with that particular field of study, I searched for something new, but yet somewhat the same. I saw a flyer posted in Flanagan Hall at my former stomping ground, East Carolina University, that said teachers were desperately needed at local high schools. Some of the subjects they needed teachers in included: Electronics, Wood Shop, Auto Mechanics, Computer Applications, and the one that caught my eye the most, Drafting Design. The flyer said all you needed to teach middle and high school in these particular subjects was a BS in Industrial Technology (but teacher certification was a plus was noted in the fine print). I did some research on Technology Education and did some personal reflection if this was a career I was really interested in. "It sure beats a 9 to 5 job," I thought, "and it can't be monotonous because every day you do something new ? especially in the type of teaching I'd like to pursue, Drafting Design." Over the weekend I did some more research on a professional organization that is directly related to my field, Industrial Technology Education Association (ITEA). ITEA is a large, in fact the largest, professional educational association devoted to enhancing technology education through experiences in our schools (K-12). ITEA covers individuals and institutions throughout the world with the primary membership in North America. More than forty thousand technology educators in the United States alone represent ITEA. The corporate members of ITEA are comprised of leading technology companies. ITEA's mission is to advance technological means for all people. ITEA tries to meet the professional needs and interests of members as well as to improve public understanding of technology education and its contributions. ITEA conducts various professional development programs and holds an annual conference. This conference is the largest technology education show of exhibits and educational sessions in the world. Wow! Some publications the Industrial Technology Education Association compose include the following: The Technology Teacher, Technology and Children, and The Journal of Technology Education. There are ten committees that organize the aspects of technology education. These committees of ITEA also sponsor dozens of meetings, conferences, and exhibits each year. They also sponsor an active honor and awards program that identifies outstanding teachers and programs (K-12) from states, provinces and countries that are affiliated with the Association. ITEA also presents award certificates and supports other programs that recognize outstanding efforts in the technology teaching profession. The last thing I want to mention here is that ITEA performs a strong public policy program, frequently providing information to the government, local and national agencies associations, and other special interest groups that deal with technology education. The Association attempts to provide an understanding of the importance of technology education to the future growth and welfare of all nations. ITEA provides many professional services that are available to teachers. As stated before, the Industrial Technology Educational Association provides a variety of publications and videos. This material leads the teachers by providing teaching directions, instructional ideas, and networking opportunities. Again, the Industrial Technology Educational Association has many worldwide conferences every year. Here are just a few upcoming conventions that are to be held in the near future: September 18-21, 1999: Technology International Conference, Erfurt, Federal Republic of Germany. The history, problems and prospects of technical education. September 24-25, 1999: Western Cape Technology Conference presented by The Technology Association at Western Province Prep School, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa. October 1-2, 1999: The Learning Institute for Technology Education Conference. Program strands include high school, middle school, later elementary and early elementary break-outs in Design and Technology, Math/Science/Technology integration, Info Tech/Computer, and Career Pathways. The conference will be held at Oakland Community College, Orchard Ridge Campus, Farmington Hills, MI. October 21-23, 1999: 62nd Annual New England Association of Technology Teachers (NEATT) Conference. Held at the Sheraton Burlington Hotel and Conference Center in Burlington, Vermont. December 12-15, 1999: Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE) Annual Convention, Orlando, FL. January 9-14, 2000: International Technology Conference to be held in Canberra, Australia. Hosted by the Australian Council of Education through Technology (ACET). February 13-19, 2000: Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE) Career and Technical Education Week. This year's theme is "2000: A Career Odyssey." April 6-8, 2000: International Technology Education Association 62nd Annual Conference and Exposition, Salt Lake City, UT. The 2000 Conference's theme is "Human Innovation in Action." June 21-25, 2000: Technology Student Association 22nd Annual National Conference and Competions, Atlanta, GA. July 18-20, 2000: The fourth Annual China-U.S. Conference on

WISNIEWSKI - Surname Meaning and Origin

WISNIEWSKI - Surname Meaning and Origin The Polish surname Wisniewski is generally a geographical surname deriving  from the place of origin of the original bearer, indicating a man who originally came from one of dozens of Polish villages named Wisniewo or Wisniew. The name roughly translates to town with a cherry tree, from the root wisznia, meaning cherry tree. WiÅ›niewski is the 3rd most common surname in Poland. WiÅ›niewska is the feminine version of the surname. Surname Origin:  Polish Alternate Surname Spellings: WISNIEWSKI, WISNIOWSKI, WISNIOWOLSKI Where do People with the Surname WISNIEWSKI Live? According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the last name Wisniewski are found in the greatest numbers in Poland, followed by the United States, Germany and Australia. The largest number of individuals named Wisniewski are found in northern Poland, especially the voivodeships (provinces)  of Kujawsko-Pomorskie,  Warminsko-Marzurskie,  Mazowieckie, Zachodniopomorski and Pomorskie.  The Polish-specific surname distribution map on moikrewni.pl identifies surname population at the district level, identifying over 52,000 people with the WiÅ›niewski surname living in Poland, most living in ToruÅ„, Ã… Ãƒ ³dÃ… º, Bydgoszcz, GdaÅ„sk, PoznaÅ„, InowrocÅ‚aw, Szczecin, Brodnica and Plock. Famous People with the Surname WISNIEWSKI James Wisniewski - American professional ice hockey playerMichaÅ‚ Krystian WiÅ›niewski - Polish pop singerDavid Wisniewski - English-born childrens authorJanusz Leon Wisniewski - Polish author Genealogy Resources for the Surname WISNIEWSKI WISNIEWSKI Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Wisniewski surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Wisniewski surname query. FamilySearch - WISNIEWSKI GenealogyAccess over 250,000 free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Wisniewski surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - WISNIEWSKI Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Wisniewski. WISNIEWSKI Surname Family Mailing ListRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Wisniewski surname.   The Wisniewski Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Polish surname Wisniewski from the website of Genealogy Today. Polish Genealogy Databases OnlineSearch for information on Wisniewski ancestors in this collection of Polish genealogy databases and indexes from Poland, the United States and other countries. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993. Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

The Background(1000words) is a written explanation of the historical Essay

The Background(1000words) is a written explanation of the historical evolution of the particular human rights. (Slavery) - Essay Example With the passage of time, different legal and social anti-slavery movements emerged in different parts of the world. Although, the extent, forms and magnitude of human slavery has reduced as compared to our past, but it has not been completely abolished. The evolution of human freedom as a basic human right was observed between mainly the time period of 1815 and 1957, when 300 different international agreements were implemented against slavery (Weissbrodt, 2002). Nevertheless, slavery exists among us in various parts of the contemporary world, in spite of the anti-slavery legislations. Slavery is observed in a plethora of forms and shapes including, forced labour, human trafficking, bonded labour, child labour and descent-based slavery. To understand the contemporary forms of slavery and the current legislations against slavery it is essential to familiarize with the evolution of this human right over the past decades. Slavery was defined by an international agreement in the League o f Nations Slavery Convention as, â€Å"the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised† (Weissbrodt, 2002). ... These forms consisted of domestic or predial slavery, acquisition of girls by purchase disguised as payment of dowry, adoption of children with the purpose of their enslavement and systems of compulsory labour either public or private and paid or unpaid (Weissbrodt, 2002). Down the history lane, slavery was practiced commonly and quite prominently in Greece and Rome, colonial Latin America and the Caribbean and the Southern states of the USA. Slavery emerged after the development of three basic ideas: the concept of personal property, the realisation that humans can also be used to improve an individual’s industry and the development of nations which led to the prisoners of war (Smith, 2013). In Greek culture, different forms of slaves were kept such as war slaves, household slaves and the common slaves. Subsquent laws protected the Greeks from enslavement, however it was followed by enslavement of non-Greeks. Similar cases of debt bondage and enslavement associated to it was observed in the Roman culture (Darren, 2003). The experience of enslavement, in the United States, of the Africans was a harsh and cruel one. According to historians, it was strongly connected to racial prejudice and the slaves were brutally treated, even killed without any action taken. Harsh punishments for small mistakes or acts of ‘disrespect’were given. Strong rebellions against the harsh dominance was observed in United States and it forms an important part of evolution of the human rights. The contemporary forms of slavery and the existance of enslavement practices highlights the ineffectiveness of the laws in various parts of the world. The ‘new’slavery is different from the ‘old’ slavery in many ways. There is no legal

Power, Desire, Difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Power, Desire, Difference - Essay Example The specific psychical concerns of the symbolic may have been played down in some feminist writing, political issues have been played down (and deeply confused with psychical ones) in recent critiques of essentialism. The thing is, the challenge to Lacan is often read as, or reduced to, the challenge to patriarchal structures of language and phallogocentrism, which of course in part it is. Lacan's theory also covers the psychical organization, the argument that the symbolic is the condition of sanity; it is not purely about the patriarchal order of language (Chodorow: 1998:167). It should become evident that this facet of Lacan's theory has also received attention in French difference feminisms, especially from Irigaray. Moreover, it is only when this aspect of Lacan's theory is taken into account that the British feminist defence of him makes any sense. The symbolic's patriarchal nature relies on the interlocking functions of the symbolic father, and the notorious phallus. Lacan says the symbolic father intervenes in the imaginary ties between mother and child (Withford: 1986). For Lacan the actual father matters infinitely less than his structural, symbolic position as an intervening third party. In the imagination, the father's place is similar to the occupied by language, in that language intervenes in the imaginary dyad as the symbolic words that rupture the threads of phantasy that hold lack at bay and the illusion of union in place. To borrow the vocabulary of mainstream psychoanalysis for a moment, this intervention is critical to the process of psychical differentiation, to the subject's differentiating itself from others; and this is one reason why sanity relies on the symbolic (Withford:1988). How changing the sex of either the intervening third party or the primary care-giver, or the actual father's social spot, would af fect the process of differentiation is another matter; but real changes in either parenting models or the social position of women and men must have consequences for the symbolic. The phallus is the mark of need, and diversity in general and sexual difference in particular. As the mark of need, it pertains to the fact that the subject is not complete unto itself. It is here that the symbolic father and phallus connect; the former breaks up the illusion of unity, the latter represent that break (Withford: 1986:7). As the mark of difference in general, the phallus is allied with the logos, with the principle that the identification of difference is the condition of logic and language alike. That is to say, thinking as such requires difference. This brings to a critical Lacanian claim that sexual difference is the crucial one in being able to speak, thus think; and, mutatis mutandis, that speaking is critical to sexual difference. The visual recognition of sexual difference is a channel connecting the heterogeneous experience of the feeling, sensing body to something that is strange to it: the differential structure of language; in turn, that language allows it n ame the difference. In short, Irigaray, like Mitchell, may have a clinical issue in mind: the idea that the phallus is represented by the penis implies, according

Major Theories of Crime Causation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Theories of Crime Causation - Essay Example These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. Over the years, theorists and researchers have engaged their minds in trying to find answers and possibly cab the high level of crime that the world faces today (Siegel, 2010). Many of the theories developed give varying analytical statistics on the causes that lead people to commit crimes; right from common crimes to high profile criminal offenses; this study aims at discussing two theories, one from choice theories and the other from trait theories. Throughout the discussion, details will be given in support of why crimes according to the two theories under study. The study and practice of criminology investigates matters regarding crime causation and the aspects that influence unlawful delinquency. There are various theories under the umbrella of choice theories of crime, which explain factors that highly influence or cause people, to engage in criminal activities. These theories rely on l ogin while trying to elucidate why an individual commits a crime and whether the criminal act emanates from lucid decision, interior tendency or peripheral traits. These theories influence how the law and the judicial system is structured and the functions entitled to it. Rational theory Under the choice theory, it is important to discuss the rational theory and its contribution in understanding the causes of crime among individuals in the society. Regarding the trait theory, oppositional defiant disorder as a theory of interest will answer the most underpinning questions regarding cause of crime. The rational choice theory undertakes a practical conviction, which affirms that man is an intellectual personality who examines resources and ends, comprising expenses and profits after which an individual makes a coherent choice. Developed by Cornish, this theory aimed at assisting the thoughts about situational crime prevention. In view of this theory, an assumption is made which relays that crime is a purposive conduct created or designed to meet the reprobate`s commonplace needs; money, status, sex, and excitement. Meeting these necessities encompasses the making of elementary conclusions and choices. Key elements in this theory reveal various critical issues important for understanding the causes of crime. Studies indicate that this theory relates to the previous drift theory; people employ techniques of counterbalancing to drift in and out of delinquent behavior. Further still, there is a proposal that failure by families and extended kin groups has the effect of expanding the realm of relationships that are not under the control of the community. Thus, this further undermines governmental controls, which leads to persistent systematic crime and delinquency. Such kind of ineptitude causes and stresses social customs and social struggles, which sustain disruptive activity (Cullen, 2010). Concerning this theory, for a misconduct to transpire, three essentials mu st be available; an inspired lawbreaker, an obtainable and appropriate target, and no power figure to impede the offense from taking place. The theory relates the pattern of offending to daily patterns of social interaction; where in the 1980s, women left homes to work and tis led to social disintegration. This was a repetitive of parting families unattended and with lack of authority character augmented probabilities of unlawful activity. The theory has key assumptions that relate to the offender and crimes, where the offender sees himself or herself as individual. Thus, persons have to exploit their objectives since they are self-centered. In many occasions, offenders think about themselves and they only

Silkwood Essay Example for Free

Silkwood Essay Silkwood took a big risk when she decided to blow the whistle on Kerr-McGee in 1946 for health and safety violations. Silkwood was concerned about her and her coworkers’ health and safety as she witnessed various health and safety violation acts that management ignored. Whistle blowing can be very dangerous for the one that is blowing the whistle as witnessed by the mysterious death of Karen Silkwood on the night of November 13th. Up until her job with Kerr – McGee, Silkwood lived a normal life and didn’t do anything in her life to make her stand out. It wasn’t until her investigation began, that Silkwood was starting to become more noticeable. According to friends that were close to her, Silkwood became more and more involved in the investigation and wouldn’t let the investigation go until all evidence and facts had been reported. However, Silkwood’s evidence and findings never did make it to the appropriate people due to the mysterious car crash that led to her death. Officers and scene investigators never did find the manila envelope containing the evidence, but Silkwood’s death brought to light the seriousness of the investigation and eventually, the closing of the Kerr-McGee Cimarron plant where Silkwood was last employed. While there are many rewards to whistle blowing, there are also many risks to whistle blowing as well. One of the rewards of whistle blowing is that the laws or acts being violated will be corrected by the correct regulation agencies. Whistleblowers are even able to submit a confidential report online through National Whistleblowers Center website where attorneys review the information and give advice on the best ways to proceed with the investigation. There are also information and additional resources available for those who are thinking about blowing the whistle on their company. A risk of whistleblowing on the company can lead to alienation between the whistleblower and their employer, boss, and co-workers. Some may fear retaliation if seen helping those gain evidence against the company or organization practicing unethical practices. They may also lose their job by blowing the whistle and family and friends may also be affected by the act as well because of their relationship to the whistleblower. As employees, it is our responsibility to protect the company or organization values while at the same time, also following our own moral values as well. Every company and organization has their own morals and values that they established, but if an employee witnesses or comes across evidence that does not uphold those values, than the employee has a responsibility to report those unethical practices. Employees also have their own person moral values that they usually use as standards when finding a company or organization to work for. When dealing with unethical practices, an employee bases their decision to report the company against their own personal moral values. It is than the employee’s responsibility to make that tough decision on reporting their company’s unethical practices and risking everything or leaving it up to someone else to make that decision. References Karen Silkwood. (2013). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 05:47, Apr 28, 2013, from http://www. biography. com/people/karen-silkwood-9542402.

Essay on Internet Privacy - Invasion of Privacy on the Internet

Invasion of Privacy on the Internet       Invasion of privacy is a serious issue concerning the Internet, as e-mails can be read if not encrypted, and cookies can track a user and store personal information. Lack of privacy policies and employee monitoring threatens security also. Individuals should have the right to protect themselves as much as possible from privacy invasion and shouldn't have to give in to lowered standards of safety being pursued by the government.    Encryption is the best and most convenient way to ensure that e-mails and other files transferred via the Internet are kept private during transfer. The widespread use of strong encryption technology is essential to protect consumers and businesses against spies, fraud, and theft over the computer networks used in electronic commerce. The federal government has just announced a new policy that will maintain restrictions on the export of encryption stronger than 56 bits. Stronger encryption technology may be exported only to subsidiaries of U.S. companies in most countries, or to certain economic sectors in 42 countries (insurance, banking, or online merchants). Some law enforcement interests support legislation that would force U.S. citizens and residents to give the government access to the secret keys that read encryption. Government-mandated key recovery and controls over the strength of encryption are a grave danger to the privacy of law-abiding citizens and businesses, not only in the United States but all over the world. This compromises freedom and sacrifices basic privacy rights.    A new law, Senate bill 6027 (the E-Privacy Act), is trying to combat these sacrifices. This law would prohibit indirect controls or ties to encryption use... ...umers should demand that these stipulations be addressed and attended to. Invasion of privacy is happening more than many individuals realize, so staying aware and alert of exploitation is necessary. Privacy violation over the Internet is just as important as privacy in the home: it belongs to us and shouldn't be taken away by anyone. Sources Cited The E-Privacy Act--Analysis of the bill by the Electronic Frontier Foundation. http://www.eff.org/Privacy/Key_escrow/1998/HTML/19980521_e-privacy_eff_analysis.html Privacy Invasion Links--Articles, organizations, and resources. http://www.larrysworld.com/privacy.html Personal Privacy--Steps to protect the consumer. http://www.larrysworld.com/articles/personalpriv.htm Internet Privacy Coalition--The latest news in Internet security through encryption. http://www.epic.org/crypto/

Demo: Wrap a Present

Demo Speech: How to Wrap a Present Introduction I. Open with Impact: At some point in your life you have probably either received or given a gift that looked something like this. (Hold up poorly wrapped gift. ) Nobody wants to be that person at the party with the gift that gets mistaken for trash. When giving a gift to someone it is important to put just as much thought into the gift wrapping as the gift buying. II. Connect with Audience: You may be thinking, but I don’t always have time to make my gift look professionally wrapped. Or, I don’t have the money to go out and buy the supplies I need to wrap a gift.III. Establish Impact: I am guilty of giving the ugliest gift at the party before and I know how it feels. Thankfully, I have changed my ways and learned that gift wrapping is not as intimidating as it seems. IV. Thesis: With just a little extra effort, your gift can be something you are proud to present. V. Preview Main Points: Today, I am going to show you how t o find inexpensive wrapping materials, properly wrap your gift with ease, and complete the look with some finishing touches. Transition: Now before we start, we are going to need some basic materials. Body I. Picking out the paper A.We want to be as cost effective as possible, but we still need enough materials to wrap for all those random family members and friends. 1. The most inexpensive paper can be found at your local discount store. 2. Go to your local dollar tree and pick out your favorite print or solid color wrapping paper. B. Other useful materials 1. You will want to pick out a spool of ribbon for the finishing touch. 2. You are also going to need scissors and clear tape. Transition: Now that we have all of our materials together, let’s get to wrapping. II. Wrapping the present A. Measure your paper 1. Place the gift in the unrolled paper. . Bring the paper up around the gift until you have enough paper to cover the gift. 3. Cut the paper so that you have about an inch of wrapping paper overlapping. 4. Move the box to the edge of the paper so that both sides will reach about halfway up the sides. Repeat this on the other side of the box as well then cut off any excess paper. B. Time to tape 1. Wrap the paper around the box until the paper overlaps and secure with the clear tape. 2. Make sure the box is centered inside the paper then fold the sides until the paper overlaps. Tape the flaps using the clear tape. C. Finishing Touches 1.Measure your ribbon by wrapping it around the present and leaving about 6 inches in excess and cut it. 2. Hold the middle of the ribbon at the top of the gift and wrap the ends around the bottom of the present. 3. Bring the ends through the loop and tie your best bow! 4. Turn the gift over and tape the ribbon to avoid it slipping out of place while being moved around. Transition: Once your gift is perfectly wrapped, you can also add other personal touches such as a decorative name tag or extra ribbon. Conclusion I. I hope that I have shown you that wrapping a gift does not have to be intimidating.There are many inexpensive ways to wrap your gifts and add unique touches. With just a little practice, you can soon become a gift wrapping pro. Don’t be that person with the trash bag gift. Impress everyone with your new gift wrapping skills! Works Cited Banner, Chrissa. How to Perfectly Wrap a Present. 2008. Web. 9 Nov 2012. http://crafts. slides. kaboose. com/105-how-to-perfectly-wrap-a-present/2 Alissa, . â€Å"Christmas Wrappings. †Ã‚  33 Shades of Green. Pinterest, 16 2009. Web. Web. 9 Nov. 2012. .

Holographic Technology

In 1989, Robert Zemicks made a movie starring Michael J. Fox called Back to the Future Part II. Unlike its predecessor, this film saw the protagonist Marty McFly, not going into the past to right wrongs and alter his family history, but going into the future to step in and prevent his children’s terrible fate. Comedy and flux capacitor aside, Zemeciks’ future shows several technological advances that captured the imaginations of not only the generation who were of age at the time of the films release but also generations since.Today, someone has crafted self lacing Nikes, tablet devices, and the hoverboard technology seen in the film is being researched. One stand out piece of tech that is often referenced, other than the flying car, was the holographic shark that jumps out from a marquee and tries to eat Marty. Despite the rudimentary appearance of the Jaws shark that tries to virtually take Mr. McFly’s life, it indeed is an interesting idea. Holographic Technol ogy: The Future of MultimediaHolographic technology is nothing new to the world of science fiction but with today’s technological advancements science fiction is moving off the screen an into our every days lives with holograms following suit. Several companies worldwide have beuan research and implementation of this exciting new 3D tech. This new technology offers an array of possible applications ranging from interactive learning experiences, highly engaging entertainment experiences and an entirely new way to present graphics and multimedia elements.I will research how holographic technology works to better understand what is behind the tech itself, the major players producing holographic technology to learn about where we are with the current state of holographic technology, look into the more cutting edge iterations of holograms to see where the technology is heading to be aware of what can be expected in the future and finally explore the ways that holographic technolog y applies to our field to enhance and revolutionize the possibilities of multimedia technology.

The organisation of the sales force

The organisation of the sales force The value of the sales force in any business organization is indispensable. The sales people play a critical role as they convince consumers to purchase products of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The organisation of the sales force specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is important to organize the sales force in a manner that supports an organization on various fronts. Specifically, the organization of the sales force should support the pursuit of an organisation’s goals. Structuring follows a well laid down strategy. The structuring of any department is done based on the strategies, objectives, and goals of an organization. Objectives of structuring include getting results from customers, developing new businesses, retaining or increasing current business and increasing customer loyalty. Primarily, sales strategies seek to present solutions to problems that arise from advertising, rei nforce the importance of advertising, creating product value, dominating the supply channels and embracing innovation (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). Sales management strategies differ depending on various circumstances. As an illustration, an organization may decide to use supply pricing vs. demand pricing. Alternatively, a differentiated or commodity approach may be used. Other approaches such as cross-platform versus single medium, innovative versus traditional, numbers-oriented versus results oriented, etc are used. The realization that a number of variables influence sales implies that structuring the sales departments is a complex task. Customer-Oriented sales force structure One approach that is useful in organizing sales people is based on customer orientation (Kleinman, 2009). This implies that organisations may decide to structure the sales force in a way that lays emphasis on the customer. In this regard, an organization may develop a product-oriented or customer-oriented s tructure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, an organization using this approach may organize the sales staff depending on the type of customers. In this scenario, an organization would have retail sales teams, agency sales teams, national sales teams, etc. Organizing the sales team by category is another form of customer-oriented structuring. As an illustration, magazines and newspaper sales departments are organized in terms of categories. More precisely, there are such categories as retail, automotive, jewellery, etc. However, in most cases, large sales departments are organized as verticals or categories. The advantage of using this structure lies on the notion that it enables the salespeople in each group to develop into experts in the respective categories. This structure allows the sales people to be more knowledgeable regarding customer businesses a nd more informed on trends in the industry. An organization’s compensation system influences the structuring of the sales teams into categories. By way of illustration, most organizations pay their sales staff by commission. The commissions are directly related to the volume of sales. It is thus evident that such a system rewards individual performance. Consequently, organizations that offer individual rewards do not encourage the use of category marketing. Category marketing is not preferred in organizations as some categories stand to benefit more than others as different products sell at different rates. The customer-oriented sales structure has a negative part as customers coming from different regions may force sales representatives to spend more resources and time travelling to meet. Product-Oriented sales force structure The products a firm deals in influences the organization of sales staff. By way of illustration, the nature of a product may force a radio network to have different sales teams. Such teams would include a daytime sales group, a prime sales group, a sports sales group, a late night sales group, etc. Regarding a newspaper network such as the Sunday Times, there are multiple products including the Sunday Times magazine and the Sunday paper, hence, the sales staff may be structured based on the product and later by category. Categories are determined based on the product teams.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The organisation of the sales force specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The span of control is an important factor that influences the structuring of sales teams. The span of control has six variables. The variables include sales manager experience, sales person experience, necessary interaction, sales person personality, job scope and task complexity (Ingram, 2008). In reference to the span of control, important questions centre on the number of people who report to a manager. In this regard, job complexity should be considered. Task complexity depends upon such factors as deal, number of categories and proximity of the customer. It is noticeable that some sales tasks are relatively simple as small transactions are involved, for example, transacting a classified advertisement is possibly handled using a telephone conversation. However transacting cross-platform deals is not easy. This view is held since the latter transaction demands more negotiation sessions while the former may not require more than one session. It is thus clear that the second deal requires more preparation. In addition, the location of customers influences the structuring of the sales force. As an illustration, if retailers are close to a newspaper office, then the sellers do not need to travel long distances. Apart from job complexity, job scope affects the structuring of the sales people. In regards to the scope of job, such aspects as the buying cycle, the nature of c ustomer and nature of product are examined. It is important to note that some sales tasks have a limited focus. Such seals as those involving radio advertising may require little preparation or none at all. On the other hand, other some sales may require cross-platform selling which may involve the use of several advertising media. These are sales tasks that have a higher level of complexity and require advanced preparations. It is thus evident that complex jobs demand extra work and may influence the structuring of sales people. This underscores the point that the more complex a product is, the more complex advertising is, and thus this affects the structure of the sales team. More precisely, complex sales require more support staff (Ingram, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regarding necessary interaction, it is worth noting that some jobs require minimum while other call for maximum attention. Sales work demand different levels of interaction between a sales representative and a manager. Some jobs may require constant contact while others do not. As an illustration, a sales representative dealing in a short business cycle where there are high-level negotiations, interaction with the manager is frequently done within short periods. Such would not be the case when a sales person is handling straightforward products that do not require negotiations (Ingram, 2008). The level of experience a sales person holds is crucial in the structuring of the sales force. Those people who have lengthy experience in sales do not need to keep constant contact with management regarding what to do. Thus, a sales executive dealing with experienced sales representatives are allowed a broader scope of control (Ingram, 2008). The approach is useful when dealing in products tha t are produced using sophisticated technologies. The structuring also depends on whether products are interrelated or not. Precisely, every sales team is assigned a responsibility of selling specific products. Geographic-oriented sales force structure The geographic-oriented sales approach presents another way of organizing the sales force within an organization. In this approach, an organization segments its target market into regions (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). After the segmentation, each region, district, country or any other geographical division is assigned a sales representative or a group of sales representatives. Dividing a market into regions and assigning the divisions to sales representatives is valuable as such helps in improving communication and interaction between organizations and sales representatives. Additionally, the notion that a sales representative is engaged within a specific region supports the view that costs are reduced since travelling is limited. It s hould also be noted that assigning specific people to deal with regions helps such personnel to understand the preferences of customers within the areas of operation. Such an understanding is invaluable since the sales people are able to convey the customer preferences and views to the producers. Based on the information gathered and forwarded to the management by the sales people, the organisations in question have the opportunity to respond by producing products that meet the customers’ specifications. In the process, an organisation benefits from increased sales. Despite the establishment above that organisations gain from geographic-based sales force, it is worth noting that disadvantages abound. As an example, it is difficult to have a homogenous group in any region. This implies that the demand for products in a region is never uniform since customers are spread across various classes. As such, using the geographic-based approach is not helpful in understanding the diff erent classes of consumers because the sales staff may be tempted to lump the consumers of a region into one group. Combination-based sales force structure The fourth approach to organizing the sales force is combination-based. Just as the name suggests, it is possible to put the three approaches together in order to help structure or restructure the sales force (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). This approach is predominantly preferable in cases where organizations offer different products to various groups of people in a big region. Alternatively, the approach is useful when a business entity focuses on various customers or products within a specific location. By way of illustration, in a bid to underscore a product’s strategic value or to position the product strategically and avoid other products distracting the sales people, an organization should structure the sales force based on the particular product while sales groups of other products are organized bearing in mind the g eography. In embracing this approach, an organization stands a chance to avoid facing the disadvantages associated with the other three approaches. However, it is notable that this approach requires the recruitment of a big number of sales people and as such, the approach is suitable for large enterprises. Using a combination of the sales approaches is very important. Such an approach would ensure that all needs of the different customers are taken into consideration irrespective of the location. Important observations Central to the idea of organizing sales teams is the pursuit of organizational goals as indicated in the introductory part of the paper. This follows from the premise that the way an organization structures its sales force has a bearing on the performance of a business entity. It is expected that the right marketing structure is necessary if any a business is to realize its goals. Right from the initial stages, organizations focus on setting up their sales teams in a manner that is aimed at maximizing sales, improving customer experience and encouraging repeat purchases. Every important manager should take responsibility regarding the association between a consumer and the business. Towards achieving this goal, the manager makes an effort to ensure that customer concerns are addressed by keeping close contact. It would thus emerge based on this observation that the marketing arrangement is intended to foster customer contact and improve a business’ fortunes. It is noticeable that in small businesses, marketing is in most cases structured as a supportive service for sales. This implies that employees report to those individuals that head the sales department. This approach may work well although the marketing strategy is likely to suffer, as other activities involving market research are likely to be relegated to the periphery. However, by structuring an entity with combined sales personnel, a business is in a position to minimize such ris ks. The choice of the structure used in organizing the sales force lies with organizational managers. However, irrespective of the structure an organization chooses, the role of communication is important. This is because, feedback from customers is sought in order to improve services or products. In addition, market research is crucial as it facilitates gathering of competitor intelligence that is useful in helping the sales teams to hone their skills. Conclusion The sales management team is responsible for organizing the sales force. As this essay establishes, the management has the option of organizing the sales force geographically, based on the products sold, based on customer focus or combining these models. Using the geographical structuring approach, sales representatives occupy specific geographical divisions. Although, this approach is cheap as it lowers expenses, it may pose problems since geographical sales representatives do not have a good opportunity to understand ful ly all products offered. Secondly, the use of the product-based approach allows the structuring of a sales force based on special expertise. This approach is useful as it allows only specialized sales people to deal in certain products or respond to needs of special customers. Further, the approach facilitates learning and enables the sales personnel to develop their knowledge on the products in question. Using the customer-oriented approach, an organization gets the chance to align its sales with customer requirements. Based on the paper it emerges that each approach has its benefits and setbacks. In a bid to mitigate the drawbacks that characterize each approach, it is proposed that organizations consider using a combined approach to organizing the sales force. However, only big organizations have the necessary resources to use the combined approach and as thus, it may not be a solution to small organizations. Before choosing the model to embrace in business, it is important for a ny organisation to establish the goals it seeks to achieve. After taking the first step, it is valuable to align the structuring approach with the goals being pursued. Additionally, the size of the business and the costs likely to be incurred should be considered while making the choice of the right structure. As the paper establishes, each approach has its strengths and weaknesses and it is thus important to weigh them. In conclusion, taking the combined approach is preferable although the model may be out of reach for the small organisations. Reference List Ingram, T.N. et al. (2008). Sales Management: Analysis and Decision Making. Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York: M.E. Sharpe. Katzenbach, J.R. Smith, D.K. (2003). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kleinman, D. (2009). All Star Sales Teams: 8 Steps to Spectacular Success UsingGoals, Values, Vision, and Rewards: Easy Read Comfort. New York: Read.

The strategy change of ROS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The strategy change of ROS - Essay Example There are two different views about the nature of change and the extent to which change affects organizations. One is incremental change and the other is transformational change. Change should not be done for the sake of change but it is a strategy to accomplish some overall goal. Usually organizational change is provoked by some major outside driving force, e.g., substantial cuts in funding, address major new markets/clients, need for dramatic increases in productivity/services, etc. Typically, organizations must undertake organization-wide change to evolve to a different level in their life cycle, e.g., going from a highly reactive, entrepreneurial organization to more stable and planned development. Transition to a new chief executive can provoke organization-wide change when his or her new and unique personality pervades the entire organization. By far the most sort of change in organizations is incremental change. There are some arguably views that it is beneficial for the nature of change in an organization to be incremental. Incremental change will build on the skills, routines and beliefs of those in the organization, so that change is efficient and likely to win their commitment. (Johnson &Scholes 2002). Incremental change focus on ‘doing things better’ through a process of continuous tinkering, adaptation and modification. Change in these periods builds on what has already been accomplished and has the flavors of continuous improvement. For transformational change, it is regarded mostly as fundamental, dramatic and large scale. It involves changing one or more assumptions in the organizational paradigm and with it the values of the organization. Transformational change could be seen as a means of marking out current thinking and practice as novel and different. It involves a break with the past, a step function change rather than an extrapolation of past patterns of change and development.

Social Impact of Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Impact of Tourism - Essay Example In addition to the misrepresentation of identity, changes may occur in community structure, family relationships, shared customary life styles, services and ethics (Din, 1988). Tourism can cause positive social impact as well by means of supporting for peace, promoting cultural traditions and helping circumvent urban repositioning by creating local jobs. Socio-cultural impact becomes indistinct when various cultures meet at the single point of intersection as it may be perceived by some of the groups as positive whereas it may be perceived as negative by some of the groups as well. This paper aims at finding out the social impacts of tourism. Tourism has positive impact on environmental condition. Tourism has the capability to encourage social development by virtue of employment creation, capital distribution and poverty mitigation (web link 6). Travelling is an influential dynamic element that brings individual into get in touch with another individual and a culture into the contact with another culture, as tourism consists of learning element, it may provide knowledge among individuals and cultures and offer cultural exchange among hosts and guests. This eventually results in increasing mutual understanding, mutual respect and in reducing the reciprocated prejudices for each other. - Reinforcement of communities Tourism may adjoin to the strength of communities in several fashions. Example includes the events or carnivals during which the local inhabitants may play the role of primary participants and the spectators may participate as the secondary components and revitalize the events which are further progressed by the interaction of tourist interest. Tourism industry can create jobs that contribute as a vital enticement in order to decline in emigration from country areas. Local individuals as well as local events can contribute in the development of tourism industry and enhance their job and production prospect by means of receiving tourism related professional training as well as business and organizational skills development. - Benefits received by local residents as a result of facilities provided by tourism sector Tourism focuses on the development of services inclusive of communal public services to entertainment services which eventually brings in higher living standards in the local sector of the target destination. The uplifting of standards may include in an improvement in infrastructure, enhancement in health sector and transportation, introducing new recreational facilities, restaurants, and public sectors as well as an arrival of improved commodities and food (Cohen, 1984; Pizam, 1978). - Revaluation of culture and traditions Tourism can enhance the safeguarding and conduction of cultural and historical practices, by means of contributing to the preservation and prolonged management of natural possessions, the conservation of local traditions, as well as a revolution of aboriginal culture, arts and crafts. - Encouragement of civic involvement and pride Tourism has a great impact in raising mass awareness about natural resources and its financial value as well as about cultural significance. Additionally, it may also arouse a feeling of pride in local and national traditions and may encourage